Olini Black Cumin Oil | Cold Pressed, Unrefined, Untreated | Rich in Omega-6, Omega-3, Linoleic Acid | 1 Litre Glass Bottle

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Bellesi M, Pfister-Genskow M, Maret S, Keles S, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Effects of sleep and wake on oligodendrocytes and their precursors. J Neurosci: Off J Soc Neurosci. 2013;33(36):14288–300. Using translating ribosome affinity purification combined with microarray analysis in mice, this research shows sleep-specific proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and phospholipid synthesis. Implications are that the mechanisms associated with myelination may preferentially occur during sleep. Johns JM, Means LW, Means MJ, McMillen BA. Prenatal exposure to cocaine. I: effects on gestation, development, and activity in Sprague–Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992;14(5):337–42. PGE 2 can cross the blood-brain barrier and act on excitatory G q EP 3 receptors on thermoregulatory neurons in the hypothalamus. This activation triggers an increase in heat-generation and a reduction in heat-loss to produce a fever. NSAIDs prevent the generation of PGE 2 thereby reducing the activity of these neurons.

Fattinger S, Jenni OG, Schmitt B, Achermann P, Huber R. Overnight changes in the slope of sleep slow waves during infancy. Sleep. 2014;37(2):245–53. This was the first longitudinal investigation of the slope of sleep slow waves as an early marker for the maturation of sleep homeostasis in infants. The results show that the slope increases across age and decreases across a night of sleep, with topographical differences. These data provided evidence for maturational and regional aspects of sleep homeostasis development in infants. Roffwarg HP, Muzio JN, Dement WC. Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. Science. 1966;152(3722):604–19. Craig A, Ling Luo N, Beardsley DJ, Wingate-Pearse N, Walker DW, Hohimer AR, et al. Quantitative analysis of perinatal rodent oligodendrocyte lineage progression and its correlation with human. Exp Neurol. 2003;181(2):231–40. Mirmiran M, van den Dungen H, Uylings HB. Sleep patterns during rearing under different environmental conditions in juvenile rats. Brain Res. 1982;233(2):287–98. In vivo experiments in mice allow for the quantification of cortical plasticity in relation to sleep or wakefulness. In adolescent mice, synaptic remodeling is state dependent: While a gain in cortical spines prevailed during waking, spine loss was larger during sleep, resulting in a negative spine balance at this developmental stage [ 92, 93]. Importantly, this spine elimination was only found during development, while no sleep-wake-dependent net changes of spine density were observed in adult mice. These findings confirm that in adolescent mice, a few hours of sleep and wake affect the density of cortical synapses while after adolescence primarily changes in synaptic strength rather than number can be observed. As shown in adult rats, an overall synaptic balance is preserved [ 94]. Recent research shows that specific burst firing, the characteristic firing pattern of sleep slow oscillations [ 95], can impact the functional change of glutamatergic synapses [ 96•]. Induced burst firing in pyramidal neurons (cortical slices) eliminates AMPA receptors and induces input-specific long-term depression because neuronal plasticity represents a continuum from malleability of existing synapses to structural plasticity, including synapse formation and elimination [ 97], the impact of SWA on synaptic plasticity may ultimately result in changes in cortical connectivity. Sleep Increases the Interstitial Space Thereby Reducing Neurotoxic Waste Hypothesis:Wright Jr KP, Gronfier C, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Intrinsic period and light intensity determine the phase relationship between melatonin and sleep in humans. J Biol Rhythms. 2005;20(2):168–77.

Attwell D, Laughlin SB. An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21(10):1133–45.

Toxicity

Romijn HJ, Hofman MA, Gramsbergen A. At what age is the developing cerebral cortex of the rat comparable to that of the full-term newborn human baby? Early Hum Dev. 1991;26(1):61–7. Maison Pierre Marcolini goes beyond the boundaries of chocolate, offering a selection of melting truffles and sumptuous macarons, showcasing the creativity and expertise of the master chocolatiers. Each creation, crafted with passion and a quest for perfection, embodies the artisanal art and refinement unique to the House, making each tasting a true delight for the senses. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 1997;387(2):167–78. eng.

Deoni SC, Dean 3rd DC, O’Muircheartaigh J, Dirks H, Jerskey BA. Investigating white matter development in infancy and early childhood using myelin water faction and relaxation time mapping. Neuroimage. 2012;63(3):1038–53. Schmid G, Schreier A, Meyer R, Wolke D. A prospective study on the persistence of infant crying, sleeping and feeding problems and preschool behaviour. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(2):286–90.It was proposed early on that sleep facilitates brain maturation [ 3]. An emerging body of literature reports tight associations between sleep and cortical plasticity, thus providing further support for sleep-neurodevelopment links [ 38, 73•, 88]. Although adult studies reliably link non-REM sleep SWA to functional changes (i.e., learning), results on sleep-dependent benefits in children are not consistent [ 74]. A recent study shows, for instance, that children outperform adults in explicit sleep-dependent sequence learning, which was proposed to reflect developmental refinements of neural networks [ 89]. Studies in adults have shown that slow-wave deprivation reduces sleep-dependent performance improvements [ 90, 91], and artificially enhancing slow oscillations results in sleep-dependent memory benefits [ 77•, 79]. During development, SWA maps maturational differences in underlying cortical structure [ 73•]. Together, these data indicate a relationship between deep sleep slow waves and plastic changes. Paus T, Collins DL, Evans AC, Leonard G, Pike B, Zijdenbos A. Maturation of white matter in the human brain: a review of magnetic resonance studies. Brain Res Bull. 2001;54(3):255–66. Grains [cereals]; Bran; Seeds for planting; Raw and unprocessed seeds; Vegetable seeds; Seeds for fruit. Tesler N, Gerstenberg M, Huber R. Developmental changes in sleep and their relationships to psychiatric illnesses. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26(6):572–9. Holtmaat A, Svoboda K. Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10(9):647–58.